research

I use the terms surface hardness and surface firmness interchangeably, but I usually prefer surface hardness. In the report I prepared in August 2012 I included this figure, showing the relationship I measured between soil water content (using a Delta-T Device Theta Probe with 6 cm rods) and surface hardness (using a 500 g Clegg Impact Soil Tester).

The short answer is no, so long as sufficient potassium (K) is present in the soil. Cisar et al. looked at Tifway bermudagrass performance when the soil contained high amounts of sodium (Na).

@asianturfgrass many Japanese greenkeepers believe that syringing is effective to keep or lower leaf temperature. How do you think about it? — H.I.GK (@fc3s_13b) May 5, 2013 This question about lowering leaf temperature prompted an extensive discussion about the effectiveness of syringing greens.

One of the most interesting articles you can read about seashore paspalum and weeds in the climate of East and Southeast Asia is Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of the Weed Community in a Seashore Paspalum Turf by Xie et al.